mk

圖一、到「系統→管理→Synaptic套件管理程式」

圖二、按下搜尋

圖三、輸入「vsftp」，並按下搜尋。

圖四、找到vsftp後在核取方塊上點一下，選擇標記為安裝。

接下來安裝後就要看文字了。

安裝完後。來設定vsftp.conf檔案嘍。

本教學是的ftp權限使用方式是。

匿名：
無法使用

實體用戶：
建立一個mkblog作為例子
mkblog使用者可以上傳下載建立資料夾，只限在自己的家目錄，無法瀏覽其他資料夾。
相對的也可以建立更多使用者，方式都一樣

你可以使用root開啟檔案總管，然後開啟/etc/vsftpd.conf，並編輯他
或者是直接在終端機內輸入。

sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.conf

接下來以下為我的參數設定：
#==================================================

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to OIpingo FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
#
# Debian customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the Debian filesystem layout by
# default. These settings are more Debian-friendly.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

#可以接受的最大clinet可連線的數目
max_clients=20
#每個ip的最大連線數目
max_per_ip=15
#啟用被動式連線
pasv_enable=YES

#設定連線的port，可以自訂
listen_port=21

#＝＝＝紅色是有開啟的項目＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

接下來在終端機輸入

sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

並輸入你要限制的使用者，這個例子是mkblog。

填入後存檔在/etc/下，檔名存成「vsftpd.chroot_list」。
如果你的ftp使用者不只一個的話，就直接打在裡面就可以了。
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
ex:
mkblog
mkblognewuser
mkhomeboy
mkweb
.
.
.等等
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

然後建立該使用者

新增一位使用者名為mkblog，密碼要六個以上唷！
輸入後按下確定。就新增一位使用者了。

再來是歡迎訊息。
使用筆記本編輯一些文字後，將檔案存成「.message」別懷疑沒錯，
就是這個檔名，然後放在每一位使用者的家目錄下。
以這個例子mkblog使用者，我就把「.message」存在 /home/mkblog底下就可以了。

你也可以根據不同的使用者，而編輯不同的歡迎訊息。
不過切記。檔案名稱一定要「.message」，因為是放在不同的資料夾，所以不用擔心。

最後在到終端機輸入

sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart

重新啟動vsftpd就完成啦。
並且以後重開機後，用戶就可以直接連線，不部用登入桌面來啟動vsftpd唷！

好書推薦
書名：Pro Drupal Development drupal

這是一本drupal的開發書籍，有接觸drupal的人一定要擁有他!

詳細的原文介紹如下

Drupal is one of the most popular content management systems in use today. With it, you can create a variety of community-driven sites, including blogs, forums, wiki-style sites, and much more. Pro Drupal Development was written to arm you with knowledge to customize your Drupal installation however you see fit. The book assumes that you already possess the knowledge to install and bring a standard installation online. Then authors John VanDyk and Matt Westgate delve into Drupal internals, showing you how to truly take advantage of its powerful architecture.

Youll learn how to create your own modules, develop your own themes, and produce your own filters. You’ll learn the inner workings of each key part of Drupal, including user management, sessions, the node system, caching, and the various APIs available to you. Of course, your Drupal-powered site isnt effective until you can efficiently serve pages to your visitors. As such, the authors have included the information you need to optimize your Drupal installation to perform well under high-load situations. Also featured is information on Drupal security and best practices, as well as integration of Ajax and the internationalization of your Drupal web site. Simply put, if you are working with Drupal at all, then you need this book.

* This book is written by Drupal core developers.
* Drupal architecture and behavior are mapped out visually.
* Common pitfalls are identified and addressed.
* Chapters provide regular discussion and reference to why things work they way they do, not just how.
* The front matter features a foreword by Dries Buytaert, Drupal founder.

主要大綱

1. How Drupal Works
2. Writing a Module
3. Module-Specific Settings
4. The Menu System
5. Working with Databases
6. Working with Users
7. Working with Nodes
8. The Theme System
9. Working with Blocks
10. The Form API
11. Manipulating User Input: The Filter System
12. Searching and Indexing Content
13. Working with Files
14. Working with Taxonomy
15. Caching
16. Sessions
17. Using jQuery
18. Localization
19. XML-RPC
20. Writing Secure Code
21. Development Best Practices
22. Optimizing Drupal
23. Installation Profiles
APPENDIX A: Database Table Reference
APPENDIX B: Resources